For raw data from 1790 to 1970, historical Census information can be downloaded from the Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR).
Provides free access to historical Census information (1906-2017). Note: this resource requires user registration, but registration is free and immediate.
Call Number: Reference HA202 .S84
Publication Date: 1979
Contains data similar to that found in the County and City Databook, but on the state and MSA (Metropolitan Statistical Areas) levels
The Historical Statistics of the United States by Richard Sutch; Susan B. Carter, et al.
Call Number: Reference HA202 .H57 2006
This quantitative history is composed of statistical tables plus interpretive essays that contextualize the data.