Research Guides
What is the system wide costs of various crimes, including property theft; violence against women; economic crimes; enforcement of illegal immigration; human and wildlife trafficking, etc). Identify and describe specific entities, agencies, and individuals that bear the costs of these crimes?
Costs of Justice:
General overview: http://securipedia.eu/mediawiki/index.php/Economic_effects_of_crime
Overview of 30 years of research: http://www.house.leg.state.mn.us/hrd/pubs/costcrime.pdf
See Pg. 113 of this PDF: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/105506.pdf
Governmental spending on justice—i.e., police, prisons, judges/justice system, FBI, etc.
Medical spending due to injuries
Loss of work time by victims
Property damage and lower property values
Theft of property
Cost of private security services
Credit card and identity fraud prevention/restitution
Drunk driving/motor vehicle loss
Income tax evasion
Prison Costs:
US Bureau of Prison budget: http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42486.pdf
See http://www.allgov.com/departments/department-of-justice/federal-bureau-of-prisons-bop?agencyid=7204
And http://www.gao.gov/assets/660/659518.pdf
http://www.vera.org/pubs/special/price-prisons-what-incarceration-costs-taxpayers
(see also: http://www.davidbreston.com/prisonmap/)
Cost of NYC prisonsers: http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/24/nyregion/citys-annual-cost-per-inmate-is-nearly-168000-study-says.html
Personnel Costs:
Employment of Federal Law Enforcement Officers: http://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=dcdetail&iid=250
State and Local Law Enforcement Officers: http://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=dcdetail&iid=249
This is also tracked by the US Census: http://www.census.gov/prod/2012pubs/g10-aspep.pdf
Costs of the Justice System:
http://www.vera.org/pubs/marginal-costs
The US Census captures this information in their “Law Enforcement” section of their statistical abstract: See the “Criminal Justice Expenditures” Section for 1878-2012: http://www.census.gov/prod/www/statistical_abstract.html
After 2012, you’ll have to go to the sources noted in the 2012 tables.
Cost of Bank Robberies:
FBI bank crime data: 2011-2003 http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/publications/bank-crime-statistics-2011/
Costs of Car Crashes:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1287040
Information on Human Trafficking
http://www.acams.org/human-trafficking/
Havascope
Breakdown of economic impact of crime in different countries
http://www.havocscope.com/country-profile/
CDC
Statistics on intimate partner violence against women and monetary costs
http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/IPVBook-a.pdf
UN Women
Violence against women by country categorized by physical and sexual violence.
http://www.endvawnow.org/uploads/browser/files/vawprevalence_matrix_june2013.pdf
Fair US
Fiscal burden of illegal immigration in California including law enforcement costs and money spent by illegal immigrants
http://www.fairus.org/DocServer/research-pub/CaliforniaCostStudy_2014-v2.pdf
Heritage
Cost of illegal immigration covering background of immigrants (age, education, earnings, etc)
UNODC
Global study covering homicide rates and amount of victims by region and gender
http://www.unodc.org/documents/gsh/pdfs/2014_GLOBAL_HOMICIDE_BOOK_web.pdf
Bank Robberies:
*Suggest looking at types of financial cyber-crimes instead
Bureau of Justice Statistics: Cybercrime
http://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?t
Bureau of Justice Statistics: Identity Theft
http://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?t
Ponemon Institute: 2013 Cost of Data Breach: Global Analysis
http://www.ponemon.org/library
Study concerning the cost of data breach incidents for companies located in nine countries.
Ponemon Institute: 2014 Cost of Data Breach: Global Analysis
http://www.accudatasystems.com
Study concerning the cost of data breach incidents for companies located in nine countries.
ENISA: Threat Landscape 2013
https://www.enisa.europa.eu/ac
The ENISA Threat Landscape is a collection of top cyber-threats that have been assessed in the reporting period, ie. end 2012-end 2013. ETL 2013 is based on a comprehensive information collection of publicly available open source material. Reports of various kinds (i.e. content, context, level of detail, subject areas, etc.) are collected over the entire reporting period. These reports are parsed to identify relevant content, such as threats, threat agents and trends. The collected information is collated and consolidated.
Center for Strategic International Studies: The Economic Impact of Cybercrime and Cyber Espionage 2013
http://csis.org/publication/ec
In their interim report, CSIS Technology and Public Policy Program Director James Lewis and coauthor Stewart Baker put the costs in the context of the global economy, and lay out their next steps for accurately estimating the full costs of these types of cyber activities.
Symantec 2013 Norton Report
http://www.symantec.com/about/
The Norton Report, now in its fourth year, is an annual research study, commissioned by Symantec, which examines consumers' online behaviors, attitudes, security habits, and the dangers and financial cost of cybercrime. It is one of the largest global studies of its kind. This year's report surveyed 13,022 online adults across 24 countries.
Drug Crimes
DEA Drug Seizures Statistics
http://www.dea.gov/resource-center/statistics.shtml#seizures
Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics: Seizures
http://www.albany.edu/sourcebook/tost_4.html#4_s
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime: Drug Trafficking Statistics
https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/statistics/drug-trafficking.html
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime: World Drug Report 2014
https://www.unodc.org/wdr2014/
NIH: National Institute on Drug Abuse
http://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse
CDC Prescription Drug Related Overdose Facts
http://www.cdc.gov/homeandrecreationalsafety/overdose/facts.html
Human Trafficking
U.S. Department of State: Trafficking in Persons Report: 2001-2014
http://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/
Department of Justice: Characteristics of Suspected Human Trafficking Incidents, 2008-2010
http://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=pbdetail&iid=2372
United Nations International Labour Organization: 2012 Global Estimate of Forced Labour
http://www.ilo.org/global/topics/forced-labour/publications/WCMS_181953/lang--en/index.htm
Polaris Project: Human Trafficking
http://www.polarisproject.org/human-trafficking/overview
Center for Missing and Exploited Children: Child Sex Trafficking
http://www.missingkids.com/CSTT
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime: Global Report on Trafficking in Persons 2014
https://www.unodc.org/documents/human-trafficking/2014/GLOTIP_2014_full_report.pdf
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime: Global Report on Trafficking in Persons 2012
https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/glotip/Trafficking_in_Persons_2012_web.pdf
UNODC Workshop on money laundering and human trafficking
American Bar Association: Human trafficking and the internet
St. John's University: Human Trafficking research paper
http://digitalcommons.csbsju.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1012&context=elce_cscday
National Human Trafficking Resource Center
http://www.traffickingresourcecenter.org/
Hotline Statistics by State
http://www.traffickingresourcecenter.org/states
Recognizing the Signs:
http://www.traffickingresourcecenter.org/what-human-trafficking/recognizing-signs
FBI: Human Trafficking
Lots of information including information about prosecutions.
http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/investigate/civilrights/human_trafficking
National Institute of Justice: Detecting, Investigating and Prosecuting Traffickers
http://www.nij.gov/topics/crime/human-trafficking/Pages/detecting-traffickers.aspx
Projects
http://www.nij.gov/topics/crime/human-trafficking/pages/detecting-traffickers-projects.aspx
Illegal Immigration: Use “Unauthorized Immigration”
Unauthorized Immigration
Migration Policy Institute: Data Hub
http://www.migrationpolicy.org/programs/data-hub?qt-data_hub_tabs=0#datahub-tabs
Data Matters
http://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/immigration-data-matters
Frequently Requested Statistics
http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/frequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states/
Department of Homeland Security Immigration Statistics
http://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics
Pew Research Center: Unauthorized Immigrant Population Trends
http://www.pewhispanic.org/2014/12/11/unauthorized-trends/
Prisons
US Bureau of Prisons Research and Reports
http://www.bop.gov/resources/research_and_reports.jsp
FBI 2011 National Gang Information Center: National Gang Threat Assessment – Emerging Trends: Gangs and Correction Issues
http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/publications/2011-national-gang-threat-assessment/2011-national-gang-threat-assessment#GangsandCorrections
National Institute of Corrections: The Problem of Gangs and Security Threat Groups (STG’s) in American Prisons and Jails Today: Recent Findings from the 2012 NGCRC National Gang/STG Survey
http://nicic.gov/library/027017
Managing prison gangs: Results from a survey of U.S. prison systems
http://www.academia.edu/1116898/Managing_prison_gangs_Results_from_a_survey_of_U.S._prison_systems
BUREAU OF PRISONS:
Growing Inmate Crowding Negatively Affects Inmates, Staff, and Infrastructure
GAO-12-743: Published: Sep 12, 2012. Publicly Released: Sep 12, 2012.
http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-12-743
*This one is challenging as you can access references to the data, but not the data itself. May require contacting agencies to see if raw data is available, but hidden on the web.