Arctic Sea Ice and International Policy: Home

Welcome to the research guide for Arctic sea ice and international policy. This guide was originally created for the 2020 international studies Task Force capstone course (JSIS 495). The guide therefore reflects the emphasis placed by that course on the Canadian Arctic. The guide's objective is to present the most relevant resources related to Arctic sea ice, Arctic policy, and the relationship of Canada's Inuit to both.

• Arctic Policies - Policy documents from nation states, intergovernmental organizations, and indigenous communities
• Arctic Organizations - Governmental, intergovernmental, and non-governmental groups concerned with the Arctic
• Inuit Governance & Representation - Inuit regional government and representative bodies in Canada and the Arctic
• Articles & Other Resources - Databases and repositories for locating articles, books, gray literature, and more
• Books - Encyclopedias and additional reading on ice, Arctic geopolitics, and the Inuit in Canada & the Arctic
• Maps & Data - Maps, data, and statistics relevant to the Arctic and Arctic research
• News - News focused on the Arctic region, and news & media from the Canadian Inuit perspective
• Writing, Citing, and Copyright - Track the citations you gather, create bibliographies, and get writing help

As you search, it is helpful to know about different types of sources. For help identifying the best resources to seek for your needs, and evaluating the sources you find, see the links below.

As Inuit, our relationship with the environment is steeped with meaning. It shapes our identity, values and worldview … Keeping our homeland cold is critical to us as a people. The international community understands now, more than ever, just how key keeping Inuit Nunangat cold is to avoiding irreversible changes to the Earth’s entire climate system.

– Natan Obed, Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami

Where I live, the sea ice never stops. It is a living thing.

– Jayko Oweetaluktuk, Nunavik

Ice is critical to life. Ice is the largest storehouse for freshwater on earth. But, the Arctic is warming at nearly twice the global average and we are losing ice at an alarming rate. Ice sheets are losing mass, glaciers are retreating, permafrost is melting, and sea ice is thinning and is less extensive. To date, there is no international policy for sea ice. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (defining the rights and responsibilities of nations with respect to use of the oceans) dedicates one article (Article 234) to the protection of “ice-covered areas” and this is open to interpretation. How might we think about the development of policies to protect ice? In this course we will look at the impact of climate change on Arctic sea ice and engage in a simulated exercise to draft an Arctic sea ice policy for Canada, where sea ice plays a role in how we understand the Northwest Passage and is an integral part of Inuit life and culture. In this course students will be introduced to how ice is understood in Western science and culture and the role of ice in the lives of Inuit. Students will also be encouraged to think creatively—to think about ice as alive, as having memory, as constituting territory, and as a human right—and to explore ice through science, culture, history, law, and art. The class will travel to Ottawa the last week of January to visit with scientists, scholars, representatives from the Inuit organizations, and federal government departments. The Task Force will create policy recommendations on challenging issues related to Arctic sea ice and international policy that will be presented to expert evaluator, Lisa Koperqualuk, Vice President, International Affairs, Inuit Circumpolar Council, Canada.